Toxidromes
Posted by dkwinter

Source: Medscape

 

 

Signs and symptoms

Causative agents

CHOLINERGIC TOXIDROME:

Bradycardia, urination, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea, lacrimation, emesis, diarrhea/defecation, miosis, salivation, sweating, muscle weakness, and muscle fasciculations

 

Organophosphates, pilocarpine, carbamates, muscarinic mushrooms

 

ANTICHOLINERGIC TOXIDROME:

Dry mucous membranes, flushed/dry/hot skin, visual disturbances, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation, seizures, and decreased bowel sounds

 

Diphenhydramine, antihistamines, atropine, antipsychotics, baclofen, phenothiazines, Jimson Weed, tricyclic antidepressants

 

SYMPATHOMIMETIC/STIMULANT TOXIDROME:

  

Excessive speech, excessive motor activity, tremor, insomnia, anorexia, hyperreflexia, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, tachycardia,hyperactive bowel sounds, anddiaphoresis

 

Amphetamines, methamphetamine, caffeine, cocaine, ephedrine, LSD, methylphenidate, nicotine, PCP

 

OPIOID/NARCOTIC TOXIDROME:

CNS AND respiratory depression, confusion, somnolence, coma, shallow respirations, bradypnea, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, decreased bowel sounds, hyporeflexia, and miosis

 

Clonidine, codeine, buprenorphine, dextromethorphan, heroin, methadone, morphine, meperidine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, imidazoline eye drops, tramadol

 

SEDATIVE/HYPNOTIC TOXIDROME:
Sedation – with progressive CNS depression and minimal or no respiratory depression, ataxia, delirium, hallucinations, hypotension, bradycardia, nystagmus, hyporeflexia, decreased bowel sounds, miosis or mydriasis

Anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, ethanol, methocarbamol, propoxyphene, trazodone, zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone